Subject 03 / Course

Infrastructure security

Workload identity, secrets, isolation, and the trust decisions underneath a running service.

5 modules19 lessons≈ 6 h reading
Start with lesson 1.a

Underneath every application is a chain of trust decisions nobody sees: which build produced this image, which machine is allowed to run it, how the running process proves who it is, which secrets it can read, and what it can reach on the network. An attacker who lands inside one workload inherits every one of those decisions. Infrastructure security is the work of making each decision explicit, narrow, short-lived, and recorded.

The course follows a workload from source code to a running process: identity, secrets, isolation, and the delivery pipeline, then detection and containment when a boundary fails anyway. It assumes you have deployed a service to a cloud or a container platform. It does not assume a security background.

The path#

Following a workload
flowchart LR
  S["<b>Source</b>"] --> B["<b>Build</b><br/><small>provenance, signing</small>"]
  B --> D["<b>Deploy</b><br/><small>admission, policy</small>"]
  D --> RUN["<b>Run</b><br/><small>isolation</small>"]
  RUN --> ID["<b>Identity</b><br/><small>attested, short-lived</small>"]
  ID --> SEC["<b>Secrets &amp; resources</b><br/><small>scoped access</small>"]
  SEC --> LOG["<b>Record</b><br/><small>audit, detect, contain</small>"]
  class S neutral
  class B,D queue
  class RUN compute
  class ID good
  class SEC memory
  class LOG io
classDef neutral fill:#faf9f5,stroke:#5f5e55,color:#141413,stroke-width:1.5px
classDef compute fill:#e2efd8,stroke:#2b6a24,color:#141413,stroke-width:1.5px
classDef memory fill:#e2efd8,stroke:#2b6a24,color:#141413,stroke-width:1.5px
classDef queue fill:#e2efd8,stroke:#2b6a24,color:#141413,stroke-width:1.5px
classDef io fill:#e2efd8,stroke:#2b6a24,color:#141413,stroke-width:1.5px
classDef default fill:#e2efd8,stroke:#2b6a24,color:#141413,stroke-width:1.5px
classDef warn fill:#f9e2e9,stroke:#b3154f,color:#141413,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray:5 3
classDef good fill:#e2efd8,stroke:#2b6a24,color:#141413,stroke-width:2px

How each lesson works#

  1. The idea in one minute. The claim, before the detail.
  2. A picture of the trust boundary.
  3. How it really works, with the real tools and specifications named.
  4. Code: a small Python simulation using only the standard library. Control planes, tokens, and policies are modeled inside the program.
  5. Where it breaks. What the control does not stop.
  6. Remember this, Try it, and Check yourself.

What you need#

  • Python 3.10 or newer and a terminal. Every program runs offline.
  • Familiarity with containers and at least one cloud provider’s IAM helps.

The modules

1

Foundations

A running workload sits at the end of a chain of trust decisions, and an attacker reasons about that chain as a graph of identities, roles, and resources. This module maps the chain, the graph, and the cloud IAM rules that draw most of its edges.

  1. 1.aFollowing a workload20 min
  2. 1.bThreat modeling infrastructure20 min
  3. 1.cCloud IAM fundamentals19 min
2

Workload identity

How a running process proves which software it is without holding a long-lived secret: attestation, SPIFFE, federation to cloud IAM, and mutual TLS between services.

  1. 2.aWhy static credentials fail21 min
  2. 2.bAttestation and SPIFFE20 min
  3. 2.cFederated workload identity17 min
  4. 2.dMutual TLS between services20 min
3

Secrets

How secrets are created, delivered, used, rotated, and destroyed, the systems that manage them, the key hierarchies underneath, and how to find the ones that escaped.

  1. 3.aThe secret lifecycle20 min
  2. 3.bVaults and dynamic secrets21 min
  3. 3.cKMS and key hierarchies22 min
  4. 3.dSecret sprawl and detection18 min
4

Isolation

What actually separates one workload from another, from kernel namespaces to microVMs to the network, and why most isolation boundaries are configuration that defaults to open.

  1. 4.aContainers from the kernel up15 min
  2. 4.bThe Kubernetes security model15 min
  3. 4.cSandboxes and microVMs15 min
  4. 4.dNetwork segmentation and zero trust14 min
5

Delivery and operations

How a workload gets from a commit to a cluster without anyone swapping it on the way, and what to do when an identity is used by someone it should not be.

  1. 5.aCI/CD and build provenance20 min
  2. 5.bSigning and admission21 min
  3. 5.cAudit logs and detection18 min
  4. 5.dContaining an incident18 min
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